China Medium and Long Term Development Planning for Nuclear Power (2005～2020)

Monday, 17 August 2009 16:16

1、Nuclear Power Development Situation
(1)Nuclear Power Status in World Energy Structure
(2)National Achievements in Nuclear Power Development

2、Significance of Developing Nuclear Power
(1)To Avail Guaranteeing National Energy Security
(2)To Avail Energy Structural Adjustment and Air Environment Improvement
(3)To Avail Improving Equipment Manufacturing Level and Promoting Technology Advancement

3、Guiding Ideology, Guideline and Target
(1)Guiding Ideology and Developing Guideline
(2)Development Target

4、Key Contents and Implementation of Planning
(1)Technical Route for Nuclear Power Development -
(2)Autonomous Nuclear Power Design
(3)Autonomization in Nuclear Power Equipment Manufacturing
(4)Nuclear Power Plant Site Selection and Protection
(5)Construction Arrangement of Nuclear Power Engineering
(6)Capability in Supporting Nuclear Fuel
(7)Radioactive Waste Treatment
(8)Investment Estimate

5、Safeguard Measures and Policies
(1)Promote System Reformation and Mechanism Innovation
(2)Intensive Effort for Equipment Research and Development
(3)Perfect Safeguard System for Nuclear Power Security, Quicken Law and Regulation Constructions
(4)Strengthen Operation and Technical Service System, Quicken Nuclear Power Talent Training
(5)Tax Preference and Investment Preference
(6)Nuclear Fuel Supporting, Spent Fuel Reprocessing and Decommissioning Fund

Preface

Nuclear power has been an important source of energy for humanity for a number of years, and is now an important part of the power generation industry. As nuclear energy does not emit air pollutants, and growing attention is paid to the issues of global warming and climatic change, vigorous effort towards building nuclear power generation capacity is a critical component of our national energy development policy. Nuclear energy has a significant role to play in China’s success at meeting the increasing demand for energy driven by economic and social development, ensuring our energy supply and security, protecting the environment, optimizing the structure and sustainable development of the domestic power industry, promoting our national economic strength, industrial technology and international prestige.

Planning specifically for the development of nuclear energy capabilities is an indispensable part of the country’s power development plan. Such planning would involve analyzing and studying the significance and correlated conditions for developing nuclear power within our country, based on progress made so far in building domestic nuclear power and precedents in nuclear power development across the world. It would then propose to guide ideology, measures and targets for national nuclear power development, putting forward concrete solutions to implement nuclear power autonomy, project layout and scheduling of nuclear power construction, site resource development and reservation, operational safety and technical services systems, facilities supporting the management of the nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear power technical research and development project, safety policies and other measures needed to carry out the plan. The build out of nuclear power plants in different regions and by different departments shall be rationally set out in accordance with the plan to promote the sound development of China’s nuclear power industry.

Contents
1、Status of Nuclear Power Development

(1)Nuclear Power within the Global Energy Structure

(2)National Achievements in Nuclear Power Development

2、Significance of Developing Nuclear Power

(1)Guaranteeing National Energy Security

(2)Achieving Structural Adjustment of Energy Consumption and Air Quality Improvement

(3)Improving Levels of Equipment Manufacturing and Promoting Technological Advancement

3、Guiding Ideology, Guidelines and Targets

(1)Guiding Ideology and Development Guidelines

(2)Development Targets

4、Key Plan Contents and Implementation

(1)Technical Route for Nuclear Power Development

(2)Localization of Nuclear Power Plant Design 
(3)Localization of Nuclear Power Equipment Manufacturing

(4)Nuclear Power Plant Site Selection and Protection

(5)Construction Arrangements for Nuclear Power Engineering

(6)Capabilities in Supporting Nuclear Fuel Cycle Management

(7)Radioactive Waste Treatment

(8)Investment Estimate

5、Safety Measures and Policies

(1)Promoting System Reform and Mechanism Innovation

(2)Intensive Equipment Research and Development Efforts

(3)Perfecting Safety Systems for Nuclear Power Security, Pushing for a Legal and Regulatory Framework

(4)Strengthening Operational and Technical Services Systems, Putting Emphasis on Nuclear Industry Personnel Training

(5)Preferential Tax and Investment Support Policies

(6)Supporting Nuclear Fuel Cycle Management, Including Used Fuel Reprocessing and Decommissioning Fund

1. Status of Nuclear Power Development

Nuclear Power within the Global Energy Structure
Nuclear power development now has over fifty years of history, starting from the launch of the first commercial nuclear power plant in the 1950s. According to data published by the International Atomic Energy Agency in October 2005, there are 442 nuclear power units in operation across the world today, of which: 60 percent are pressurized water reactor units, 21 percent are boiling water reactor units, 9 percent are heavy water reactor units, and 10 percent units of graphite reactors and other types of reactors. The overall operation time clocked in by these nuclear power units now accrues to over 10,000 reactor•years. Gross installed nuclear power generation capacity currently amounts to 0.369 billion kilowatts and is distributed across thirty-one countries and regions. Annual nuclear power generating capacity today accounts for up to 17 percent of global gross power generation capacity.

There are sixteen countries across the world, including developed nations such as the United States, France, Germany and Japan, whose nuclear power generating capacity represents over 20 percent of those countries’ gross power generation capacity. Generally, the installed nuclear power generating capacity of a country to a large extent the strength and level of aggregation of that country’s economy, industry and technology. Nuclear power, hydropower and thermal power are the three pillars of energy generation, and play a critical role in the global energy structure.

National Achievements in Nuclear Power Development
Today, China is one of the few countries with a complete nuclear industrial system. Since the 1970s, the State Council has been focused on developing the nation’s nuclear power capabilities with a mind towards advancing nuclear energy for peaceful use, and great achievements have been attained through thirty years of dedication. Capabilities in nuclear plant design, power equipment manufacturing, construction engineering and operations management in relation to pressurized water reactors have been consistently developed since the roadmap was drawn in 1983 to lay the foundation for large-scale development of nuclear power in China.

Significant Achievements in Nuclear Power Plant Construction and Operations
Since China’s first nuclear power plant, Qinshan Phase I, was connected to the grid in 1991, a total of six nuclear power plants and eleven units with 9.068 million kilowatts have been put into commercial operation, and eight more units with 7.9 million kilowatts of capacity are under construction (Ling’ao Phase II, Qinshan Phase II Extension, and Hongyanhe Phase II).

Until now, nuclear power plants in China have enjoyed safe and smooth operations, with operational levels and major parameters correlated to operations characteristics that are better than the world average. The radioactive waste produced by nuclear power units has been decreasing year by year, with discharged radgas and liquid waste that are far lower than the permissible limit value specified by national standards. The Qinshan Phase I nuclear power plant has been in safe operation for fourteen years, and has also established a new record by operating continuously and safely for four hundred days during the last fuel cycle period. The standards of operation at the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in recent years have caught up with those found in countries with well developed nuclear energy levels, and edges the plant into the ranks of the world’s advanced nuclear powers. Refer to Table 1 for nuclear power plants in operation and under construction in China.

Table 1   Nuclear Power Units in Operation and Under Construction in China
Unit：ten-thousand kilowatt

No.	Unit Name	Capacity	Put into Operation	Remarks
1	Qinshan Phase I, #1	30.0	April 1991
2	Qinshan Phase II, #1	65.0	April 2002
3	Qinshan Phase II, #2	65.0	March 2004
4	Qinshan Phase III, #1	70.0	December 2002
5	Qinshan Phase III, #2	70.0	November 2003
6	Daya Bay, #1	98.4	February 1994
7	Daya Bay, #2	98.4	May 1994
8	Ling’ao Phase I, #1	99.0	May 2002
9	Ling’ao Phase I, #2	99.0	January 2003
10	Tianwan, #1	106.0	May 2007
11	Tianwan, #2	106.0	August 2007
12	Ling’ao Phase II, #1	108.0	Under construction	Construction started in December 2005 and expected to be put into operation in 2010
13	Ling’ao Phase I, #2	108.0	Under construction	Same as above
14	Qinshan Phase II Extension, #1	65.0	Under construction	Construction started in April 2006 and expected to be put into operation in 2011
15	Qinshan Phase II Extension, #2	65.0	Under construction	Same as above
16	Hongyanhe Phase I	4×111.0	Under construction
Total		1,696.8

 

China Ready to Actively Promote Nuclear Power Plant Construction
Thanks to the joint efforts of all relevant state departments, the fundamental pre-conditions have now been met for China to actively promote the construction of nuclear power plants.
In engineering design, China is already capable of independent design for 0.3 million and 0.6 million kilowatt PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) nuclear power plants. The country also possesses partial design capability for one-mega kilowatt PWR nuclear power plants.
In equipment manufacturing, China has had a certain ability to carry out research and development since the 1970s. To date, the country can manufacture complete equipment sets for 0.3 million kilowatt PWR nuclear power units using independent intellectual property rights, with a localization rate of over 80 percent (calculated based on price). China has the ability to manufacture complete equipment sets for 0.6 million kilowatt PWR nuclear power units, with an autonomation rate that may exceed 70 percent with dedication. The necessary conditions are also basically met for China to be able to process and manufacture most nuclear island equipment and main conventional nuclear island equipment used by one-mega kilowatt PWR nuclear power units.
With regard to the nuclear fuel cycle, a complete security system is in place to provide a reliable guarantee of safe and stable nuclear power plant operations, and meet the fuel demand of nuclear power plants that are already in operation.
In research and development of nuclear technology, significant progress has been made in China with regard to a number of key technologies related to testing fast breeder and high-temperature gas-cooled reactors.
Where nuclear safety regulations and nuclear emergency systems and procedures are concerned, China has preliminarily established a nuclear safety regulation system that is in line with international practices while taking into account domestic nuclear power realities. Besides regulations on the supervision and management of nuclear power facilities and radioactive emissions, China has also established emergency systems inside and outside nuclear power plants at three levels—the central government, local government and enterprise levels.

2、Significance of Developing Nuclear Power

(1) Guaranteeing National Energy Security
Diversity of primary energy production is necessary to guarantee national energy security. Experience has proved that nuclear energy is a safe, clean and reliable energy resource. In order to ensure reliable long-term energy supply with limited energy resources per capita that are unevenly distributed, nuclear is an essential alternative energy. Nuclear power development will improve our national energy supply structure and provide favourable conditions for national energy and economic security.

(2) Energy Structural Adjustment and Air Environment Improvement
Our nation energy supply relies on coal; power generated by coal accounts for over 80% of the gross generation. However, the increasing number of coal power plants places enormous pressure on coal production, transportation, and environmental protection. Increasing power demand due to economic development exacerbates impacts on the environment and thus leads to serious air pollution. In 2004, sulphur dioxide levels emitted by coal power plants reached 12 million tons, accounting for 53.2% of total national emissions. In 2005, coal demand for power generation reached to 1.075 billion tons. With such coal-power ratio, coal demand for power generation in 2010 and 2020 will rise to 1.7 billion tons and 2 billion tons respectively. This will make the task of emissions reduction from the power industry for the benefit of the environment very difficult.
Compared to thermal power, nuclear power, is a clean energy resource with proven implemtation. It has no emissions of sulfur dioxide, smoky dust, nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide. Substitution of nuclear power for coal power not only reduces coal mining, transportation and combustion, but also is an effective way to reduce power industry pollution as well as an important measure for slowing the greenhouse effect.

(3) Improving Equipment Manufacturing Level and Promoting Technology Advancement
Nuclear power is a hi-tech industry, requiring high technical content and quality for nuclear power equipment design and manufacturing. It has extensive industrial correlation and involves dozens of industries both up and down-stream. Therefore, accelerating autonomous construction will not only benefit technology application but also promote technology innovation, which is essential in improving manufacturing techniques, materials, and processes.

3、Guiding Ideology, Guideline and Target

(1)Guiding Ideology and Development Guideline
China must establish autonomous design engineering, equipment manufacturing, construction engineering and operational management for advanced PWR nuclear power plants. This will be accomplished by implementing basic policy for power development of “Actively Pushing ahead Nuclear Power Construction”, unifying technical route of nuclear power development, focusing on security and economic efficiency of nuclear power, insisting on host-orientation, sino-foreign cooperation, obtaining technology by market, importing international advanced technology, organizing technology assimilation at home and encouraging innovation. Form comprehensive competence with mass construction for advanced nuclear power plant of China brand, improve proportion taken by nuclear power, actualize leapfrog development and catch up with international advanced level in nuclear power.
For nuclear power development strategy, insist on technical route of developing advanced PWR nuclear power of one-mega kilowatt and current work is carried out following “three steps” of thermal neutron reactor-fast neutron reactor-controlled nuclear fusion. Trace with vigorous efforts world nuclear power technology development tendency, autonomously perform technology research and development work in high temperature gas cooled reactor, inherent safe PWR and fast breeder reactor, start testing or demonstration project construction in time according to advancing situation of various technology research and development. Meanwhile, explore fusion reactor technology by combining autonomous research and development and international co-operation.
Insist on principle of safety first in nuclear power development and implement one-vote down  policy during work that is related to nuclear power construction, operation, nuclear power equipment manufacturing entry certification, reactor type selection, site selection and management style.

(2)Development Target
By 2020, strive to achieve installed nuclear power capacity of 40 million kilowatts and annual nuclear power energy output up to 260-280 billion kilowatt-hours with coordinately considering factors like our national technical strength, construction cycle, equipment manufacturing and autonomy, nuclear fuel supply, etc. based on demand for guaranteeing energy supply security and optimizing power resource structure. On the basis of 16.968 million kilowatt nuclear power including those both under construction and in operation, strive to accomplish another 23 million kilowatt nuclear power capacity while taking further development of nuclear power into consideration with goal that nuclear power capacity under construction is set to 18 million kilowatts by the end of 2020. Refer to Table 2 for assumption of nuclear power construction project schedule.
Table 2   Assumption of Nuclear Power Construction Project Schedule

Unit：ten-thousand kilowatt

Note: The nuclear power capacities under construction and at completion are different because of the variation of unit capacity.

As for nuclear power autonomization, comprehensively establish construction and operation management patterns that are inline with the internationally advanced level to form relatively complete autonomous nuclear power industrial system by actualizing autonomous design, autonomous manufacturing, autonomous construction and autonomous operation for one-mega kilowatt PWR nuclear power plant.
For operation performance and nuclear security, ensure safe and reliable operation of the nuclear power plants that are already in operation with major operation indexes up to WANO advanced level. Major design specifications of new nuclear power plants by 2020 can be near or up to equivalent requirements by Utility Requirement Document (URD) or European Utility Requirement (EUR).

For engineering construction, improve project management level and further reduce project cost by introducing competitive mechanism and comprehensively implementing bidding system and contract management system.

For economic efficiency, on the basis of ensuring security and reliability, reduce operation cost and make competitive on-grid price comparing to that of desulfurized coal power plant at the same region.

For nuclear power regulations and technical standards, establish complete nuclear power regulations and standard systems conforming to the situation in China and inline with international practices for nuclear security, nuclear facility management, nuclear emergency, radwaste management, as well as engineering design, manufacturing, construction, operation, etc.

4、Key Contents and Implementation of Planning

 (1)Technical Route for Nuclear Power Development
Select partners by international bidding, import design and equipment manufacturing technology for one-mega kilowatt PWR nuclear power plant engineering of new generation, organize technology assimilation at home, encourage innovation, actualize autonomization and catch up with internationally advanced level of  PWR nuclear power plant. Thoroughly master advanced PWR nuclear power technology, develop localization ability, and seek to form the ability to carry out large scale mass-construction of nuclear power plant of China brand as soon as possible through constructing two autonomous backing engineering projects of nuclear power during “the 11th five-year plan” period. Meanwhile, in order to keep constructing nuclear power projects, autonomously construct PWR nuclear power plants of moderate scale by improving design, research and development based on existing improved nuclear power technology of the second generation before assimilating and mastering nuclear power technology of the third generation.

(2)Autonomous Nuclear Power Design
At the end of “the 10th five-year plan” and the beginning of “the 11th five-year plan”, sufficiently adopt and improve the exiting technology by Qinshan Second Stage and Ling’ao First Stage for constructing projects of Qinshan Second Stage Extension and Ling’ao Second Stage to enable domestic enterprises with ability to autonomously design improved 0.6 million kilowatt and one-mega kilowatt PWR nuclear power plants.

During “the 11th five-year plan” period, construct nuclear power projects of Zhejiang Sanmen First Stage and Shandong Haiyang First Stage by importing advanced nuclear power technology of new generation through external cooperation and increase nuclear power security and economic efficiency by further optimization and improvement on the basis of technology assimilation. Engineering design may start with joint design and gradually transit to complete autonomous design by domestic enterprises to enable design ability for advanced PWR nuclear power plant and mass-construction of China brand. In order to increase proportion taken by nuclear power, Guangdong Taishan imported foreign technology for constructing nuclear power units of the third generation while assimilating the improved technology of the second generation to start construction of nuclear power plants including Liaoning Hongyanhe.

(3)Autonomization of Nuclear Power Equipment Manufacturing
Gradually perform technical transformation and industrial upgrading to establish relatively complete nuclear power equipment manufacturing system with the three domestic equipment manufacturers as mainstays for manufacturing main nuclear power equipments and exerting the professional advantages of other correlated enterprises. Annual productivity of nuclear power equipment with at least 2 million kilowatt will be achieved during “the 11th five-year plan” period and 4 million kilowatt every year after 2010.
The importation of production technology for key nuclear power equipment shall be as per national overall deployment and combine the construction of autonomous backing project with comprehensively arrangement for the external bidding, as well as joint efforts from various departments and effective measures for technology assimilation. Work principles of host-orientation, technology importation and localization actualization for critical equipments that can not be made at home shall be followed. Assimilation process shall be quickened to transfer imported technology into productivity of the equipment manufacturers.

In principle, bidding procurement by domestic enterprises who have mastered the manufacturing technology shall be taken. For the few non-critical types of equipment without mastery of technology but with sufficient and stable international market supply, they may be purchased by external bidding after demonstrated confirmation. For certain critical equipments, they can be obtained by “exchange technology with market”, importing technology, or by establishing joint ventures and cooperative enterprises with foreign manufacturers.
Under the unified organization of national leading group for nuclear power autonomization, the domestic manufacturing enterprises stay in harmony with each other with specialization and cooperation and introduce competition mechanism to improve efficiency, with the backing of nuclear power projects including Qinshan Second Stage Extension, Ling’ao Second Stage, Liaoning Hongyanhe, Zhejiang Sanmen and Shandong Haiyang, and seek to achieve strategic upgrade in nuclear power equipment manufacturing through keeping increasing autonomous proportion in equipment manufacturing, mastering maximum technology.

(4)Nuclear Power Plant Site Selection and Protection
Considerable resources of nuclear power plant sites are reserved in our country with years of dedication. Except the existing projects and those under construction, there are plant sites with another 50 million kilowatts with sufficient preliminary work along coastal areas. Refer to Table 3 for resources of specific plant sites development and reservation.

Table 3   Development and Reservation of Resources of Specific Nuclear Power Plant Sites

Unit：ten-thousand kilowatt

Note: Construction scale in the table is the original unit capacity. Actual construction scale will be larger than the listed value as unit capacity of improved third and second generation will increase.

In addition, site reservation for nuclear power plant has been increased as general selection for nuclear power plant sites have been carried out at eastern Guangdong (Tianwei site), western Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Hunan since 2004.

Based on the plant site conditions, till 2020, nuclear power plant sites listed in Table 3 will be adequate for operation of 40 million kilowatts and construction of 18 million kilowatts. Considering energy resources and productivity distribution in our country, nuclear power plant sites will be preferentially selected among the above mentioned coastal provinces for the new 23 million kilowatt nuclear power plant, as well as considering to construct one nuclear power plant in each of the coastal provinces (regions) like Shandong, Fujian and Guangxi, where has not been constructed with nuclear power plants yet.

Except coastal sites, preliminary work related to nuclear power plant is accordingly performed in inland provinces (regions, cities) including Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Jilin, Anhui, Henan, Chongqing, Sichuan, and Gansu, where work shall be successively carried out according to the requirements of nuclear power plant site, nuclear power development plan, with rigorous review and approval, as well as following the requirements of nuclear power development.

 (5)Construction Arrangement of Nuclear Power Engineering
According to nuclear power development targets, considering factors like preliminary work of nuclear power project, technology importation, technology assimilation, independent equipment manufacturing and engineering construction period, the commencing scale during “the 11th five-year plan” period will be rational and projects will be mass-developed during “the 12th five-year plan” period on the basis of 2x1.08 million kilowatt nuclear power project Ling’ao Second Stage and 2x0.65 million kilowatt Qinshan Second Stage Extension started in 2005.
Considering nuclear power plant site and power grid layout, as well as demand for adjusting local energy structures, the process and sequence of power plant site development, the extension of the existing plant sites and development of new plant sites shall be arranged with overall planning. New nuclear power plant sites shall be planned once and for all with instalment construction and gradually commence multi-reactor management.

During “the 11th five-year plan” period, the two projects, Qinshan Second Stage Extension and Guangdong Ling’ao Second Stage which have adopted and improved the existing technology, can be put into operation. Meanwhile, the two independent backing projects, Zhejiang Sanmen First Stage, Shandong Haiyang First Stage, and nuclear power plants of Liaoning Hongyanhe, Guangdong Yangjiang and Fujian Ningde started construction on the basis of technology importation and technology assimilation.

During “the 12th five-year plan” period, the 5 nuclear power projects started during “the 11th five-year plan” period can start operation. On the basis of standardized and mass nuclear power project, a batch of new nuclear power projects will be started for construction during “the 12th five-year plan” period. Available projects are as following: Guangdong Yaogu, eastern Guangdong (Tianwei), Jiangsu Tianwan Second Stage, Zhejiang Sanmen Second Stage, Guangdong Yangjiang Second Stage, Shandong Haiyang Second Stage, Liaoning Hongyanhe Second Stage, Fujian Ningde Second Stage, Guangxi nuclear power plant and nuclear power projects in Central China. All nuclear power units commenced during the last five-year period may be put into operation during “the 13th five-year plan” period. Planned target of installed nuclear power capacity will be reached by the end of “the 13th five-year” (2020) and lay the industrial foundation for nuclear power plant that will be put into operation after 2020. Nuclear power capacity of 18 million kilowatts or over will be commenced during “the 13th five-year plan” period.

Nuclear power plant sites that will be successively started during “the 13th five-year plan” and “the 14th five-year plan” periods may be selected among coastal provinces or inland provinces where primary energy resources are rare.

 (6)Capability in Nuclear Fuel Support
Establish safeguard system of natural uranium with combination of domestic production, overseas development and international uranium trade through adhering to technical route of closed nuclear fuel cycle, insisting on principles of combining domestic and foreign technology, rationally developing domestic resources, vigorously utilizing foreign resources and developing nuclear fuel industry with moderate advance.

 (7)Radioactive Waste Treatment
Build disposal field for middle-low level radioactive waste while construct nuclear power projects to adapt the demand for treating the increasing middle-low level radioactive waste that generated by the rocketing nuclear power industry. Complete underground laboratory and final disposal field planning for high level radioactive waste are to be accomplished by 2020.
  (8)Investment Estimate
Total construction fund required by nuclear power projects is about 450 billion Yuan estimated by the scale of to be constructed nuclear power projects and those in operation within 15 years, of which, capital demand in 15 years is 90 billion Yuan and annual average capital invested by enterprise is over 5.4 billion Yuan.
In addition, large amount of supporting fund is required by nuclear fuel including natural uranium prospecting and repertory, spent fuel reprocessing. In principle, operation mode for financing is a combination of self financing and commercial loan provided by banks.

 5、Safety Measures and Policies
 (1)Promote System Reformation and Mechanism Innovation
Nuclear power enterprises shall establish sound modern property right system, specify governance structure of enterprise legal person, promote system reformation and mechanism innovation following the overall requirements by socialist market economy. Gradually carry forward recombination of the existing domestic technical force and equipment manufacturing enterprise to meet requirements by extensive nuclear power construction through constructing planned nuclear power projects. Completed nuclear power plants will participate in market competence and the on-grid price of nuclear power is more competitive than the power price of desulfurized coal. Reformation direction of national power price and related regulations specify that nuclear power enterprises may contract agreements with power consumers and negotiate electric quantity and power price. Market-oriented development mechanism shall be established for scientific research, design, manufacturing, construction and operation related to nuclear power development. For nuclear fuel supply, specialized companies shall be founded for nuclear fuel production and reprocessing to form price system that is inline with international nuclear fuel market to provide correlated services including reliable fuel support and reprocessing for nuclear power development.

(2)Intensive Effort for Equipment Research and Development
Establish state nuclear power technology cooperation that is responsible for unified technology importation, assimilation and innovation to provide technology share among domestic enterprises; Bear dedication towards combination of major projects in nuclear power autonomization and scientific and technological planning of medium-long term to coordinate advanced nuclear power engineering design and equipment development and manufacturing; Bring nuclear power equipment manufacturing and critical technology into manufacturing localization plan for national key equipment to form capability in complete equipment. Focus on breakthrough of key equipment including heavy castings and forgings.

(3)Optimize Safety System for Nuclear Power Security, Quicken Law and Regulation Constructions
Insist on principle of “safety first, quality first”. Legally intensify government monitoring work on nuclear security and enhance the enforcement of safety laws and supervise. Establish and maintain effective defence system against radiation hazard through increasing investment in labour, fund, material for nuclear security supervision, cultivating advanced nuclear security culture, implementing nuclear security research, keeping strengthening nuclear emergency system construction, establishing accident prevention and treatment measures and establishing  and maintaining active prevention system against radiation hazard.
With the existing legal framework, continue research work related to nuclear power industry standard during “the 11th five-year plan” period. At the beginning of “the 11th five-year plan” period, gradually establish and perfect our nation’s standard systems related to nuclear power design, equipment manufacturing, installation and operation management to create environment for mass-production of nuclear power; The state will moderately control enterprise qualification for entering nuclear power construction, operation and management.

Perfect nuclear power laws and regulations and complete legislation of Atomic Energy Law and its supporting regulations; Legislate and perfect management measures related to scientific research, development and construction, nuclear security of nuclear power and nuclear fuel industries; Improve market access system involved in uranium resource prospecting and mining; Enhance market access system or practice qualification system for production and service including  nuclear fuel purification, conversion, concentration, element processing, reprocessing, waste treatment, decommissioning service, etc.

(To be continued)

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